"Every person of learning is finally his own teacher" Thomas Paine
Selected Wikipedia Articles Philosophical stances (in relation to the themes of this site): Naturalism , Metaphysical naturalism, Logical positivism , Positivism, Pragmatism, Empiricism, Phenomenalism , World view (Weltanschauung) , Skepticism, Philosophical skepticism, Rationalism , Verificationism, Utilitarianism, Consequentialism, Emotivisim
Knowledge and Belief: Belief; Belief revision, List of Beliefs, Fact, Fact-value distinction, Truth, Criteria of truth, Pragmatic theory of truth, Certainty, Knowledge, Propositional knowledge, First principle, Bounded Rationality, Heuristic, Rules of thumb, Approximation, Procedural knowledge, Declarative knowledge, Epistemology, Naturalised epistemology, Ontology, Language
Ethics and Meta-ethics : Morality , Ethics, Normative, Norm (philosophy), Meta-ethics , Descriptive ethics , Deontological ethics , Norm (sociology), Normative ethics, Ethical naturalism, Ethical subjectivism, Moral relativism , Moral absolutism, Moral universalism, Fact-value distinction ,Dialectics , Free will, Agency, Intentional stance , Moralistic fallacy, Naturalistic fallacy, Is ought problem , Ethic of reciprocity (or Golden rule) ,
Reasoning and Logic: Logic, Subjective logic, Formal language, Inference, Traditional Logic, Proposition, Propositional calculus, Propositional formula, Bivalence, Logical connective (or operator), Philosophical arguments, Necessary truth,
Laws of Logic, Logical equivalence, Intuitionistic logic, Vagueness, Fuzzy logic, Law of excluded middle, Is logic empirical?, Falsifiability, Formal logic, First-order logic, Second-order logic, Modal logic, Logical possibility, Deductive reasoning, Analytic tableau, Square of opposition, Free Logic, Abductive reasoning, Inductive reasoning, Problem of induction, Argumentation theory, Dialectic, Eristic, Gettier problem, Law of contradiction, False dilemma, Fallacy of composition, Syllogism, Disjunctive syllogism , Modus tollendo tollens (denying the consequent) , Modus ponendo ponens (affirming the antecedent ) , Reductio ad absurdum (redcution to the absurd), Logical disjunction (elimination), Argument in the alternative, Fallacy of four terms,
Mathematical Logic: Mathematical Logic, Foundations of mathematics, Abstraction, Mathematical induction, Axiom, Axiomatic system, Formalism, Proof theory, Mathematical proof, Conditional proof, Conjecture, Formal proof, Logical implication, Equiconsistency, Consistency, Logical completeness, Decidability, Model theory, Computability theory, Hilbert's Program, Gödel's incompleteness theorems, Peano Arithmetic, Russel's paradox, Weierstrass function
Boolean Logic: George Boole, Boolean logic, Boolean algebra (logic), Boolean algebra (structure)
Probability: Probability, Probability interpretations, Cox's theorem, Frequentism, Randomness, Stochastic process , Bayesianism, Bayesian probability, Probability logic, Propensity probability, Statistics, Misuse of statistics, Sunrise problem, Gambler's fallacy, Law of large numbers, Central limit theorem, Almost surely, Monty Hall problem, Confusion of the inverse , Base rate fallacy
Philosophy and Sceince: Philosophy of science, The demarcation problem , Instrumentalism, Confirmation holism, Scientific realism, Underdetermination, Determinism, Causality, Probabilistic causation, Correlation does not imply causation, Non-locality, Principle of locality, Philosophical realism, Scientific realism, Scientism, Reductionism, Scientific reductionism, Scientific skepticism, Scientific evidence, Scientific method, Hypothesis, Theory, Hypothetico-deductive model, Paradigm, Paradigm shift, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Commensurability, Theory of justification, Emergentism, Emergence, Systems thinking, Systems philosophy, Systems theory, Chaos theory, Sensitive dependence on initial conditions, Complex system, Independent variable, Paul Feyerabend
Bias and Research Study Design:
Hypothesis testing, Accuracy and precision, Experimental design, Design of experiments, Trial and error, Placebo, Clinical trial, Evidence based medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Observational study, Cohort study, Longitudinal study, Cross-sectional study, Blind experiment, Double blind, Crossover study, Meta-anlaysis, Systematic review, Sample bias, Selection bias, Self selection, Cognitive bias, Confirmation bias, Publication bias, Response bias, List of cognitive biases, List of memory biases, Recall bias, Evidence-based design
Consciousness, Affect and Desire: Consciousness, Arousal, Sleep, Dreaming, Lucid dreaming, Emotion, Anger, Disgust, Fear, Happiness, Cognitive psychology, Cognitive dissonance, Motivation, Desire
Memory: Memory , Short term memory, Long-term memory, Long-term potentiation, Long-term depression, Eidetic memory, Working memory, Baddeley's model of working memory, Declarative memory, Procedural memory, Childhood amnesia, Anterograde amnesia, Retrograde amnesia, Forgetting curve, Interference theory, Confabulation, Consciousness , Metastability in the brain
Nervous Sytem, Fundamental Concepts: Nervous system , Central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system, Nerve , Neurons, Dendrite, Axon, Synapse, Neurotransmission, Neurotransmitters , Action potential, Schwann cell, Myelin, Node of Ranvier, Saltatory conduction, Glial cell, Oligodendrocyte, Neuroscience , Electroencephalography , Behavioral Neurology, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Neuroscience Portal ,
Brain Anantomy: Brain, Cerebral hemispheres, Corpus callosum, Cerebral cortex, Brodmann area , List of regions in the human brain, Gyrus , Sulcus Frontal Areas: Frontal lobe, Prefrontal cortex, Orbitofrontal cortex, Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Movement: Motor cortex, Primary motor cortex, Corticospinal tract, Cerebellum, Spinocerebellar tract, Senses and Memory: Olfactory system, Olfactory bulb , Temporal lobe , Amygdala, Parietal Lobe, Primary somatosensory cortex, Auditory system, Primary auditory cortex, Hippocampus, Posterior column pathway, Vision: Visual system, Eye, Retina, Color vision, Optic chiasm, Lateral geniculate nucleus, Occipital Lobe, Visual cortex, Dorsal stream, Ventral stream, Various: Thalamus, Spinothalamic tract, Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland , Medulla oblongata , Reticular activating system
Neuroimaging: Neuroimaging, Functional neuroimaging, Magnetic resonance imaging, Diffusion Weighted Imaging, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Statistical parametric mapping, Computed tomography
Religion and Faith: Ethics in religion, Faith, Religious belief, Revelaed truth, Dogma, Origin Belief, Negative Theology, Ideology, Reality, Mysticism, Spirituality, Transcendence (philosophy), Transcendence (religion), God, Deity, Theism, Henotheism, Monotheism, Panentheism, Pantheism, Christianity, Theology, Islam , Hinduism , Sikhism, Judism, Kabbalah, Buddhism, Indifferentism , Agnosticism, Ignosticism , Unitarian Universalism, Magical thinking, Flying Spaghetti Monster , Invisible Pink Unicorn
Humanisim: Humanism, Renaissance humanism, Humanist Manifesto, A Secular Humanist Declaration, Religious humanism, Christian humanism, Humanistic Buddhism, Humanistic Judaism, Ethical Culture
Particular Philosphers: Heraclitus, Hippocrates, Aristotle, William of Ockham, David Hume, John Locke, John Stuart Mill, Charles Darwin, Alfred Ayer, Thomas Kuhn, Stephen Toulmin, W.V.O. Quine, Karl Popper, Paul Feyerabend
Selected Articles at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Belief and Probability : Belief , Logic of Belief Revision , Bayesian Epistemology , Interpretations of Probability, Probabilistic causation , The Analysis of Knowledge,
Truth and Justification: Truth, The Correspondence Theory of Truth, The Coherence Theory of Truth, The Deflationary Theory of Truth, The Identity Theory of Truth, The Revision Theory of Truth, Axiomatic Theories of Truth, Foundationalist Theories of Epistemic Justification, Evidence, Coherentist Theories of Epistemic Justification,
Logic: Vagueness
Religion: Religion and Science
On Other Sites
The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy "A Professionally Peer-Reviewed Resource" Philpapers.org Listings site for academic work also contains manuscripts: Use the advanced search facility for free online papershttp://cogprints.org/view/subjects/phil.html A souce of free online papers Squashed Philosophers by
Glyn Hughes See in particular: The Condensed Edition of, AJ 'Freddie' Ayer's LANGUAGE, TRUTH + LOGIC
...in 7,879 words Canonical Texts at Eserver.orgSome Texts from Early Modern Philosophy by
Jonathan Bennett Read complete books and articles on: Logical Positivism at QuestiaGalilean library.org Philosophy and History and Philosophy of Science
http://philosophy.lander.edu University level course notes
What is artificial intelligence ? by John McCarthyThe Anatomical Basis of Mind by Ben BestWorld Views: from fragmentation to integration by Aerts, D., et al.
RSA Vision and Animtion Videos (Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce) A very stimulating series of lectures on video and in animated versions.
Encarta : Western Philosophy, Ethics, Aesthetics ,
Epistemology Philosophy 6 Introduction to Philosophy by Matt Lawrence RBJones.com by Roger Bishop Jones Logic at Factasia by Roger Bishop Jones
The Secular Web at Infidels.org has an extensive library of modern and historical documents and good links. It is "operated by the Internet Infidels, Inc., a nonprofit educational organization dedicated to defending and promoting a naturalistic world view on the Internet "Logic & Fallacies, Constructing a Logical Argument (1997) at Infidels.orgAn Introduction to Atheism at Infidels.org
Pilosophypages.com Philosophynow.org a magazine of ideas Eistemelinks.com a listings site Philosophy around the web : a listings sitePeople with online papers in philosophy compiled by David Chalmers
The Royal Institute of Philosophy Butterfliesandwheels.com who's editors have a commitment to integrity of discussion ( or truth as they might see it). The site is entitled this way because of an infamous footnote by
Mary Midgley about Richard Dawkins (see the About page on this site)
The Golden Rule by Jeffrey Wattles
selected chapters
www.nigelwarburton.typepad.com http://acgrayling.com/ http://www.philosophybites.com/
Audio and Video of Philosophers and Others Speaking
The Golden Rule "Gold or Fool's Gold? Ridding the Golden Rule of Absurd Implications" ,
a lecture examing logical consequences of the golden rule by HJ Gensler
Beyond Belief from The Science Network.org
Watch very stimulating videos of conference presentations and discussions at the 3 day Beyond Belief meeting held at the Salk institute in November 2006. The subject of belief is looked at largely from the perspective of the scientist and skeptic. Some speakers and commentators from the audience comment on the lack of philosophical sophistication of some of the statements made at the conference. Despite this weakness, it is worthy of your attention if you are interested in the subject of belief, if only to see the way that some scientists think about wider issues.
Beyond Belief, Enlightenment 2.0 , October 31-November 2, 2007,
held at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Short conference presentations in the same format to the first conference but "less of an atheist love fest" than the the first conference. Recommended as a good introduction to modern thinking about the way our culture is and can develop. Listen to people who's books you might have or might be stimulated to buy. Watch
Scott Atran for example give a more researched account of so called islamic terrorism than you will ever get by reading the ill informed 'End of Faith' by
Sam Harris. In 'The end of faith' Harris does not seem to understand the difference between sacred books and the lives of their adherents or the difference between morality and present American political interests.
Speakers at Beyond Belief II:
Enlightenment 2.0
Beyond Belief: Candles in the Dark , October 3 - 6, 2008 held at the Salk Institute
In 44 parts available on video with sessions on:
Human flourishing/ Eudaimonics;
This is your brain on politics
This is your brain on morality
This your brain on law
This is your brain on politics
Just for fun
With many thanks to the singers who ever they are
Other Resources
Where belief is born A Guardian article from 2005
The Certainty Bias: A Potentially Dangerous Mental Flaw A Scientific American article from 2008
'The Matrix'
It is a great pity that the film The Matrix , with such a philosophically interesting theme as the 'matrix of our perceived reality', is expressed through the current entertainment addiction to simulated violence. If you you are able to withstand the site of simulated extreme violence watch the film then either read the poorly formatted 'official' Philosophy and the matrix or associated philosophical commentaries or essays on other sites such as matrix, In the matrix which pill would you take red or blue?, There Is No Spoon: The Matrix , or go to listings sites like Matrix) .
Online Primer
Philosophy
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